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Israel passes law to allow death penalty and public trials for those linked to 7 October

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Israel has passed a new law to impose the death penalty and conduct public trials for those involved in the unprecedented Hamas-led attacks and mass hostage-taking in Israel in October 2023.

The legislation was passed by 93 votes to 0 in Israel's parliament – the Knesset – and was unusually jointly sponsored by government and opposition politicians.

The remaining 27 lawmakers were absent or abstained.

"May everyone see how the victims and their families look into the whites of the eyes of those murderers, rapists and kidnappers," Yulia Malinovsky, a co-sponsor of the bill, told a news conference ahead of the parliamentary votes.

"May everyone see how the State of Israel is a sovereign state which knows how to hold those who harmed it to account," the opposition politician said.

"We have reached the finish line, which is actually the starting line: the beginning of historic trials, which the whole world will see."

Israeli human rights groups have spoken out against the new law, opposing the principle of capital punishment but also warning against "show trials" based on confessions allegedly extracted under torture.

7 October 2023 was the deadliest day in the history of Israel. Hamas-led fighters killed over 1,200 people in southern Israel, mostly civilians. Another 251 were kidnapped and held in captivity in the Gaza Strip, including men, women, children, and foreign nationals.

The events triggered the deadliest ever war in Gaza, with 72,740 people killed to date – the majority children, women and the elderly, according to the Hamas-run Health Ministry.

Although Israel's parliament passed the Death Penalty for Terrorists Law in March, aimed at Palestinians convicted of terrorism offences, it does not apply retroactively. This meant that separate legislation was required to deal with those alleged to have carried out the assault.

Israeli politicians supporting the law say it will allow for a trial of historic significance, comparing it to that of the Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann. Eichmann – an architect of the Jewish Holocaust – was hanged in 1962, becoming the only person previously sentenced to death by an Israeli civil court.

The new law creates a special legal framework for prosecuting those accused of direct involvement in the attacks, including members of the Nukhba special forces unit of the al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas, who were captured in Israel.

They are expected to face charges ranging from terrorism and murder to sexual violence and also genocide – which will carry the death penalty. They will be tried before a special military court in Jerusalem with different rules from regular criminal trials.

Key moments of hearings including the opening, verdict, and sentencing are due to be filmed and broadcast on a dedicated website.

Victims of the 7 October assault and bereaved families joined parliamentary committee discussions about the new legislation.

Carmit Palty Katzir said she took part to safeguard the rights of those who were worst affected. Her brother, Elad Katzir was taken hostage from their childhood home in Kibbutz Nir Oz and killed in captivity. Her father, Rami was killed and her late mother, Hana, was taken hostage and later released.

"It's important to understand that in so many ways this event hasn't ended," Palty Katzir told Israeli army radio. "So many of the families have been left with completely open-ended questions about the murders. A bulk of information simply doesn't get to us."

Palty Katzir said she hoped for answers from the trial of suspects but demanded that sensitive details should be revealed to victims before they were made public.

Israel's Prison Service currently holds 1,283 people as so-called unlawful combatants, without formal charges being brought. The vast majority are from Gaza. A small number of Gazans are also believed to be held by the Israeli military, and reportedly 300 to 400 Gazans are held as criminal defendants, suspected of involvement in the 7 October attacks.

Proponents of the new law say the military court will adjust some normal rules of evidence and procedure so that it can handle a legal process of huge size and import. They argue that this will not significantly affect the fairness of the trial.

However, human rights groups dispute that – saying existing procedures are designed to protect defendants' rights. They expect some hearings to be held without the defendants being physically present.

"Government coalition members have made it clear that they expect mass executions to result from this court that they've established," says Sari Bashi, executive director of the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel.

"We know that Palestinians being held on suspicion of participating in the crimes of October 7 have been tortured, systematically and in a widespread way. My concern is that they are going to be convicted and even executed based on confessions extracted under torture."

"The people who are responsible for attacking civilians in southern Israel should be held accountable, but not like this," Bashi goes on. "They deserve due process, and the death penalty should never be on the table."

The Israeli government denies accusations of widespread torture asserting that it complies with standards of international law.

At Sunday's news conference the Justice Minister Yariv Levin told journalists that "work of an enormous and unprecedented scale" had been carried out under his direction to set up the special legal framework.

He said an investigation team "watched thousands of hours of videos, reviewed a huge body of evidence and at the same time interrogated the terrorists who carried out the massacre and were captured." Ultimately, video and audio documentation is expected to be preserved in the State Archives.

Many Gazans are still seeking information about relatives who are known or believed to have crossed the border into Israel during the October 2023 attacks or who were detained afterwards.

A few dozen protested against the new death penalty law outside the headquarters of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Gaza City on Monday.

"Look, this law is cruel, it's a law that tries to take away the hope that you're living on," Hisham al-Wahad, the brother of missing journalist Haitham al-Wahad, told the BBC. "We as families of prisoners and families of the missing are calling on states and public opinion – international, Arab and Islamic – to take action to stop such a law and such a matter."

The al-Wahad family say that Haitham, a cameraman, was last seen with colleagues covering events near Israel's Erez crossing into Gaza at Beit Hanoun – after it had been overrun by Hamas gunmen on 7 October.

While Israel has for years been a de facto abolitionist state, recent polls have indicated growing support for the death penalty among Jewish Israelis – particularly when it comes to Nukhba fighters convicted of terrorism.

Surveys also show wide support for an independent commission of inquiry into the 7 October attacks although the current coalition has committed only to a government-led inquiry.

Many bereaved Israeli families insist that the new special military tribunal law only addresses one aspect of justice.

Carmit Palty Katz has said: "It cannot be that we're focused on the Nukhba terrorists and not how this horrible tragedy happened and who will take responsibility, who will take the legal stand on this or take into consideration relatives' healing."

📰 மூல செய்தி (Source): https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c202ngg45x8o?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=rss

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Calls for 'urgent action' on baby-sleep industry after BBC investigation

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The UK's leading baby-safety charity and an MP have written to the health secretary calling for "urgent action" to regulate the infant-sleep industry, following a BBC investigation.

In the letter, the Lullaby Trust and Liberal Democrat Tom Morrison urge Wes Streeting to "ensure that no more babies' lives are put at risk due to unregulated and bogus sleep advice".

Last week, an undercover BBC report revealed how some self-described sleep experts have been giving new parents advice that goes against long-established safer sleep NHS guidelines.

Streeting said "dangerous misinformation dressed up as expert advice… must stop" and that parents should "only rely on trusted, evidence-based information" like the NHS Best Start in Life website.

The Department for Health and Social Care (DHSC) said in March that the law would be changed to limit who was allowed to call themselves a nurse.

This means people working in a hands-on capacity as night nannies would no longer be able to operate as "maternity nurses".

An inquest into the death of football manager Steve Bruce's four-month-old grandson found that Madison Bruce Smith died after being placed to sleep on his front by someone calling themselves a maternity nurse.

But many, including the Bruce Smith family, are calling for greater changes to be made by the DHSC and for urgent regulation for anyone working with infants.

Currently, there is no oversight or regulation of the industry – anyone can call themselves a baby-sleep expert or consultant regardless of experience or qualifications.

As a result, people can sell advice to parents which could be putting babies at increased risk of harm – including Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (Sids) – without consequence.

In their first statement since the inquest into their son's death, Madison Bruce Smith's family told the BBC "no parent should ever have to question whether the person they have trusted to care for their baby is truly qualified.

"Clear standards and accountability are essential, because so many children's lives depend on it."

The family say they want "all paid care for babies and infants" to be "properly regulated with mandatory training and strict adherence to national safer-sleep guidelines".

Morrison, MP for Cheadle, echoed these calls for broader and stricter regulation in his letter to Streeting.

"I must ask what more can be done to legislate to prevent life-threatening advice being given to parents, when they are searching for help and support in the often vulnerable and difficult beginnings of parenthood," he writes.

The letter from Morrison and The Lullaby Trust says that, "following an alarming BBC investigation… it is clear that government regulation is urgently needed to stop individuals from giving parents sleep advice that is contrary to established NHS and real expert guidance".

Through secret filming, we exposed two prominent figures in the infant-sleep sector giving advice that could put babies at risk of serious harm and even death according to medical professionals.

Both self-described experts have published books, have celebrity endorsements and tens of thousands of followers on social media. Their publisher, Penguin, has not responded to multiple requests for comment from the BBC.

The findings left NHS clinicians feeling "sick" and "horrified".

Calls to regulate the sector are being backed by medical professionals, researchers and families whose babies died under the care of individuals who placed them in unsafe sleeping positions.

The Lullaby Trust says "anyone advising families on infant sleep, or placing babies to sleep, should be held to clear standards for the guidance they provide.

"At a minimum this should follow NHS advice in the absence of a medical qualification."

During our investigation, we heard from families who had poor experiences with people calling themselves baby-sleep experts or consultants and who had found there was no official place for them to register concerns.

First-time mum Emily Aston, who used a self-described sleep expert when her son was four months old, says she didn't know where to go when the advice she was given went against safer sleep guidelines.

"It just felt like she needed to be stopped and there's nothing out there to report her behaviour to," she says.

Emily says the "vulnerability" of new parents using these types of services "is the main reason why there needs to be regulation".

NHS midwife and certified lactation consultant Olivia Hinge, who reviewed our undercover consultations with self-described sleep experts, says she understands why people offering support with sleep can be so appealing to new mums.

"What they're doing is what you often don't get on the NHS… somebody sitting and listening and talking about the feeding alongside the sleeping," Hinge says – "it feels like somebody's really taking the time to know them and their baby".

But she cautions that the gap in support for new parents shouldn't be filled by unsafe advice or by people working outside of their qualifications and expertise.

"Children are the most vulnerable people in our society and we have a duty to protect them… We need some form of regulation and consistent public health messages have to be upheld," Hinge adds.

In the letter to Streeting, Morrison also highlights the case of Genevieve Meehan, a nine-month-old baby who suffocated at her nursery after being tightly swaddled, strapped to a beanbag and left unattended for 90 minutes.

Her parents, Katie Wheeler and John Meehan, launched Campaign for Gigi to push for stronger safeguards in early years.

Last month the Department for Education published updated safer-sleep guidance for early-years providers in partnership with The Lullaby Trust.

From September 2026, this will become statutory thanks to Wheeler and Meehan's campaigning.

But the Cheadle MP said it was "a time-critical mission to step in and regulate" the issue of safer-sleep advice.

"Although the government is cracking down on the improper use of the title nurse, it'll do absolutely nothing if someone can just change their title to 'sleep consultant' and continue giving bogus advice the next day," Morrison said.

"It terrifies me, as a father of a young one myself, that people are out there claiming to be experts when they are not."

Health Secretary Wes Streeting added: "It should go without saying, that when someone calls themself a nurse, they actually are one.

"We are taking decisive action to crack down on unqualified individuals masquerading as professionals, making it a criminal offence to misuse the title 'nurse'."

Have you been affected by the issues raised in this story? Contact the team at: ParentingInvestigation@bbc.co.uk

Details of organisations offering information and support on child bereavement are available at BBC Action Line

📰 மூல செய்தி (Source): https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c232glp2ej8o?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=rss

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Students at risk if universities go bust, say MPs

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Students need better government protection if a university in England goes bust and cannot pay its debts, according to MPs.

In a report, the Education Select Committee said 24 institutions are now said to be at risk of insolvency within the next 12 months – with many already making job cuts, closing courses and selling off buildings or land.

Helen Hayes MP, who chairs the committee, said the priority was to protect students "who have invested time, money and energy" into their studies.

A Department for Education (DfE) spokesperson said the government was committed to creating a secure future for universities so they can deliver for students, taxpayers and the economy.

Hayes said: "Developing an early warning system is essential. The government and the Office for Students should be ready to step in when the lights are turning amber, not when they are already flashing red."

The Labour MP for Dulwich and West Norwood said the possibility of a major UK university becoming insolvent was a "real possibility, not a theoretical warning".

The report said a protocol should be developed with costed plans for protecting students and staff, by offering options such as merging with another institution, restructuring or an orderly exit, where the university effectively closes but with arrangements in place for students, staff and courses.

The report said the higher education regulator, the Office for Students, fears 24 providers – including seven with over 3,000 students – are at risk of insolvency and "market exit" in the next 12 months.

A further 26 institutions are at risk of exit within the next two to three years, it said, but some of these are smaller, as only about half of them have more than 3,000 students.

The DfE said it had "taken action to put the sector on a secure financial footing", by raising the maximum cap on tuition fees and refocusing the Office for Students to support universities' financial stability.

"Through our ambitious reforms announced in the post-16 education and skills white paper we will restore universities as engines of growth, aspiration and opportunity."

However, the report said a fee freeze for undergraduates had impacted universities' finances, driving them to increase income from fees for postgraduate and international students.

It said interational students constitute a quarter of all students but pay over 45% of the fee income.

"These fees represent a financial surplus used to cross-subsidise research and domestic teaching," it said.

Hayes added that if the government wants to reduce the number of international students coming to the UK, it must set out how it will stabilise university finances.

Responding to the report, the University and College Union (UCU) said it shows the government is "asleep at the wheel" as universities face a "financial cliff edge".

General secretary Jo Grady called for an emergency higher education taskforce to oversee how ministers will directly intervene to implement the report's recommendations.

Vivienne Stern, chief executive of Universities UK, which represents 141 universities, said they were "grateful" to the government for increasing fees in line with inflation in England.

However, she said visa changes had decreased international enrolments, and "a longstanding failure of research grants to cover costs" had created huge pressures for universities.

Alex Stanley, National Union of Students (NUS) vice president, said the report was "scary reading" and "students should not be bearing the brunt of the lack of investment in higher education".

📰 மூல செய்தி (Source): https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce3p93j3823o?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=rss

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Chris Mason: PM hangs on by a thread as party revolts

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This morning, Sir Keir Starmer's cabinet is split on the most fundamental political question a government's top table of ministers can ever wrestle with: whether the prime minister should carry on.

Clearly, a cabinet split on this is unsustainable. Either cabinet ministers have to resign or be sacked, or the prime minister himself has to go.

Last night, ministers went in to see Sir Keir and he was met with a range of advice. Some said he should fight on. Some said he should set out a timetable for his departure. And others, as he weighed his options, tried to help him kick around how he might deal with the scenario he now confronts.

A dam now appears to have broken, with Labour MPs posting their public loss of confidence in the prime minister with such frequency it can be hard at times to keep count of them.

In the hours after the prime minister's crunch speech on Monday, the verdicts, public and private, began to flow.

"Just so devastatingly crap" was the pithy and rather brutal view of one Labour MP in touch with me. It was a prescient review given the torrent of public criticism from his own colleagues that was about to be begin.

Many of those MPs cannot shake a sense Sir Keir is repellent to too many voters just as Labour wrestles with how to take on Reform UK.

But there are plenty of other Labour MPs who look on in horror at the implosion they are witnessing and will be called upon to publicly defend, when they would much rather it didn't happen at all.

"A lot of us are watching this slightly aghast. With a war; an economy struggling due to Iran; market gilt movements etc. I'm still of the view that stability is a premium you give up at your peril," one told me.

How is the prime minister viewing all this? I have spoken to people who have been involved in conversations with him in recent days. They tell me that he has long been resolute about wanting to carry on, adamant that there is a genuine risk to the party and the country of a protracted leadership contest, which will deliver a successor with a "very questionable mandate" as one friend put it.

In other words, unlike Sir Keir, his successor on taking office won't have won a general election.

But it is also now true that the arithmetic and sentiment the prime minister confronts are bleak and getting darker.

"It's clearly not good," one cabinet ally who would rather this was not happening acknowledged.

And already bad blood oozes from the Labour movement. Rival leadership camps are briefing against each other. The blame game for their current mess is under way.

And now Sir Keir confronts the most awkward and painful of days – beginning with the most awkward and painful of meetings.

Tuesday morning begins with a cabinet meeting. Assembled around that famous table, Sir Keir's handpicked top team, who now disagree about how long their boss should last in his job.

It is four years ago this week that I became the BBC's Political Editor.

In those four years, I have reported on four prime ministers: Boris Johnson, Liz Truss, Rishi Sunak and Sir Keir Starmer.

To put that instability into context, I was 27 years old before I was on to the fourth prime minister of my lifetime, Gordon Brown in 2007. In the previous just over a quarter of a century, there had been just three: Margaret Thatcher, John Major and Tony Blair.

Instability and prime ministers with a short sell-by date are the new normal – and neither a big majority nor being a party that has not been in government for a while is any inoculation against that reality.

📰 மூல செய்தி (Source): https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn9py15w5yxo?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=rss

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