Legislation which would enable the home secretary to designate some state-linked organisations such as Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a threat to national security could come into force as early as next month.

The National Security (State Threats) Bill was introduced to Parliament on Tuesday, and could become law within weeks.

It would allow Shabana Mahmood to designate groups involved in "foreign power threat activity" such as assassination attempts, surveillance and sabotage.

The bill also creates three new criminal offences, including one of supporting a designated state threat organisation and two of assisting and accepting material benefit from such a group.

The legislation was suggested by the government's Independent Reviewer of State Threats Legislation Jonathan Hall KC, when he concluded that it was difficult to ban state-linked groups like the IRGC as terrorist organisations.

In the last year, men have been convicted of spying on Hong Kong dissidents in the UK on behalf of China, carrying out an arson attack on a Ukrainian warehouse on behalf of the Russian group Wagner, and stabbing an opposition journalist in Wimbledon on behalf of Iran.

In those last two cases, the people who carried out the attacks were criminals who were doing it for money.

These cases showed that often hostile foreign powers were not only using their intelligence agencies to undermine security in the UK, but were also hiring criminal proxies through other state-linked organisations such as the Wagner Group and the IRGC.

It meant that the National Security Act 2023, which focused on foreign intelligence services, was quickly out of date.

Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer said: "Where foreign states are found to be engaging in activity that threatens lives or undermines our democratic institutions, we must ensure that such actions have consequences.

"We will not tolerate hostile actors paying petty criminals to do their dirty work."

Mahmood said: "Foreign states are becoming ever more aggressive – attacking our communities, our way of life, and our institutions – and hiding their tracks behind proxies.

The bill is seen in Whitehall as a vital upgrade of the National Security Act which was only passed three years ago.

Officials say they have been seeing unprecedented levels of threat from people and groups working on behalf of foreign states.

The Director General of MI5, Sir Ken McCallum, said the security service had "tracked more than 20 potentially lethal Iran-backed plots" in just one year.

The prime minister and home secretary fast-tracked the legislation after recent attacks on Jewish targets.

Several of those were claimed by a new group calling itself Harakat Ashab al-Yamin.

The IRGC was set up after the 1979 revolution to defend the country's new Islamic system, but has since become a powerful arm of the state with a reach beyond Iran's borders.

In the impact assessment accompanying the bill, it is anticipated that 10 or fewer organisations will be designated as state threats in the first year after the legislation is passed.

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A hidden camera has been discovered in a government building in the heart of Westminster.

The electronic device was found in the communal area of the complex on Marsham Street, where the Home Office and Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) are based.

The i newspaper, which first reported the story, said it was found behind a ceiling panel within the last two months, and security services have been informed.

Home Office sources say it was found in MHCLG's part of the building, away from ministerial offices. An MHCLG spokesperson said: "We do not comment on security matters."

The building is the base for the Home Office, responsible for policing in England and Wales and national security, and MHCLG, which is responsible for housing and planning policy in England.

Tory shadow Cabinet Office minister Alex Burghart said: "This is a serious incident that demands an urgent investigation.

"The discovery of a hidden camera inside a building that occupies the Home Office and other departments raises questions about the security of government departments and those seeking to undermine them.

"The public deserves answers. We urgently need to know who was responsible, how long this device was in place and whether any sensitive or classified information has been compromised."

The Home Office declined to comment. The prime minister's spokesman declined to comment, referring reporters to the earlier statement from MHCLG.

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The Conservatives want to scrap rules requiring public bodies such as schools and hospitals to consider promoting equality in their decisions.

In what the party described as the first step in a programme to "restore common sense", Kemi Badenoch said the Public Sector Equality Duty (PSED) has resulted in some groups being "preferred over others".

The Tory leader called for its repeal after warning public bodies have "spent so long worrying about institutional racism that they have become institutionally incompetent".

Science Secretary Liz Kendall said the Conservatives' plans would "turn the clock back".

Speaking to Sky News, she said Badenoch wanted "to repeal a duty which stops pregnant women being sacked, women on maternity leave being sacked, which prevents discrimination against disabled people, which prevents discrimination on age grounds".

"She needs to set out which protections she's going to remove, because I tell you, there are women out there still who get worried that if they get pregnant or they're on mat leave that they're going to lose their job, and Labour is standing for them."

Badenoch's speech came after the murder of Henry Nowak and the police's response fuelled questions about equality policies and laws.

The Conservatives are trying to forge a distinct response from both Labour, who have strengthened equality protections, and Reform UK, who want to go further than the Tories and scrap the Equality Act completely. Reform says it would still protect people in the workplace.

The Public Sector Equality Duty, which applies in England, Scotland and Wales, requires public bodies and bodies carrying out public functions to have "due regard" to certain needs.

These include eliminating unlawful discrimination and to "advance equality of opportunity between people who share and people who do not share a relevant protected characteristic".

Protected characteristics include age, disability, race, pregnancy, sex and sexual orientation.

The Tory policy to repeal the PSED has been in development in recent months, with Badenoch saying: "We do not need to replace the duty, we need to explain to people that they should do their jobs."

She also said equality law "properly designed should protect us all in the same way", adding: "It should be a shield, not a sword."

But she said the understanding that such laws should protect people from being treated differently is being "perverted".

Badenoch said "modern Britain is the least racist country on Earth" and pointed to her experience as a child of living on three different continents.

She added: "It is because we are not racist, because we care so much about equality that we have overcorrected and actually brought in rules that are actually discriminatory."

Badenoch said repealing the PSED would be the "best way" to "remove discrimination from the law while still protecting equality under the law".

She acknowledged she did not ask for the PSED to be removed during her time in government serving as an equalities minister, and said she "kept trying to explain to people how to make sure they complied with the law in the Equality Act", but her letters were "ignored" and so the best approach now was to remove the PSED.

Government guidance says the duty should "always be applied in a proportionate way" depending on the circumstances of the case and that organisations should avoid an "overly bureaucratic and burdensome approach".

The duty was introduced in 2010 as part of the Equality Act, which merged previous anti-discrimination laws such as the Equal Pay Act and the Disability Discrimination Act.

Since its introduction, organisations and individuals have been able to take public bodies to court for failing to abide by the duty.

In 2011, the High Court ruled that Somerset and Gloucestershire County Councils had not complied with the duty when they sought to withdraw funding for more than 20 libraries.

In 2020, the Equalities and Human Rights Commission concluded that the Home Office had not complied with the duty in relation to how its "hostile environment'" policies would impact members of the Windrush generation.

Ahead of the speech, the Conservatives argued the duty had led to the Bank of England taking Winston Churchill off bank notes and produced police training that advised officers not to treat people the same way.

The Bank of England has previously said a "key driver" of its plan to replace historical figures with animals was "to increase counterfeit resilience, but it also provides an opportunity to celebrate different aspects of the UK".

A spokesman for the Equality and Human Rights Commission said the purpose of the PSED is to "make sure public authorities think about how they promote equality throughout their day-to-day business".

They added the PSED is "not a barrier to these organisations doing the job the public expects them to do" but is there to "help them make good decisions".

Disability Rights, a campaign group, said they "disagree profoundly" with the calls to repeal the PSED as "systemic discrimination remains embedded in our society and institutional policies and services".

Reform UK said Badenoch's suggestion was "classic Conservative politics: too little, too late, and nowhere near enough".

Liberal Democrat Women and Equalities Spokesperson, Marie Goldman, said the speech was "a desperate attempt to fan the flames of culture war politics from a Conservative party completely out of ideas".

She said: "Instead of exploiting division, the Conservatives should focus on coming up with ideas to fix an NHS and economy that they left in tatters."

The Labour government, meanwhile, has promised a new strategy with a primary focus on getting working-class people joining and progressing in the civil service.

Details of the strategy are expected to be published shortly, but the government said it would place a "major, explicit emphasis on socio-economic background as a primary driver of unequal opportunity".

A government press release said the strategy would aim to address an "over-representation of people from more well-off backgrounds" in the civil service.

It also said it would try to ensure that "people from working class and regional backgrounds do not feel they need to alter their behaviour, accents or language to fit in with the civil service".

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