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Can Starmer survive as PM? Seven scenarios for what might happen next

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Sir Keir Starmer's premiership has never looked more vulnerable as growing numbers of his own MPs call on him to stand down after a disastrous set of election results.

The prime minister has vowed to fight on, even suggesting he could serve two terms, but the choice could very soon be taken out of his hands.

It is a fast moving and volatile situation, but here are some scenarios on how things might play out in the coming days and weeks.

The Labour backbencher Catherine West surprised everyone on Saturday by announcing that she was prepared to challenge Sir Keir for the party leadership.

She's never had a high profile in the party. But Sir Keir gave her a junior ministerial job in the Foreign Office after Labour's election win in 2024. He sacked her when he reshuffled his government last year.

She has no ambitions to take on the top job herself, but said she had grown frustrated with the apparent reluctance of cabinet members who have been quietly lining up their own bids to launch after Thursday's battering at the polls.

She would need to get the backing of 20% of the Parliamentary party – 81 MPs – to kick off a leadership contest.

So far more than 30 Labour MPs have called for Sir Keir to go but not all of them are certain to back West, as they may feel now is not the right time for a contest.

If West succeeds, the ball is then in the court of Wes Streeting, Angela Rayner or any other Labour heavyweight with eyes on Number 10.

Streeting backed the prime minister on Friday, but did not explicitly rule out standing in any contest. Rayner has issued a 1,000 word statement warning the PM that Labour may be facing its "last chance" to deliver change.

If West gets 60 or 70 MPs backing a leadership contest it might be enough to flush out a challenge from the likes of Streeting or Rayner – convincing them there is appetite among the Parliamentary Labour Party for a change.

It could also put Sir Keir on notice that the party is ready to oust him when they or other leading figures do finally make a move.

Another factor could be cabinet resignations, which as we saw with the previous Conservative government, can be a precursor to a prime minister being forced to stand down.

If West's leadership challenge falls flat on its face, it is likely to shore up Sir Keir's position, in the short term at least.

It would allow the prime minister to claim he has the support of his party – and suggest to would-be challengers that, when push comes to shove, Labour MPs are perhaps not as keen on ousting him as they are saying in private.

This is the dream scenario for some Labour MPs, including West, as it would avoid a messy leadership contest that would look self-indulgent to voters reeling from the ongoing cost of living crisis.

Would senior cabinet ministers sit Sir Keir down and tell him that he needs to stand aside for the good of the party? Would he listen to them?

Would they be able to agree on a unifying figure to take his place, without a contest?

It feels unlikely at the moment, particularly as Sir Keir will know that setting a timetable for his departure would turn him into a zombie prime minister and lead to weeks, or months, of jockeying for position among would-be challengers with all the instability that would entail.

The prime minister is no stranger to relaunch speeches – but the one he is due to deliver on Monday is set to be the most significant of his entire career. If it goes badly, it might the last one of his career.

Labour MPs want to hear that he understands the scale of the difficulty the party is in – and that he has a clear vision for getting them out of it and can convince voters that the government can make a positive difference to their lives.

Last year, when he was already in a tight spot, many Labour MPs felt Sir Keir's Labour conference speech, where he spoke about taking the fight to Reform UK, had been one the best he'd ever given as party leader.

West has said she will listen to what he has to say before deciding to send out letters to Labour MPs asking for leadership nominations.

Then, on Wednesday, the government will set out the new laws it wants to pass in the coming year, in the King's Speech.

Sir Keir will be hoping his party will be gripped by a new sense of purpose and energy, with policies on tackling energy costs and forging closer ties with the EU promised, among other things.

In this scenario, Labour MPs will forget all about changing leaders and rally behind the man who delivered a landslide general election victory less than two years ago.

In this scenario, Sir Keir sees off a leadership contest next week and stays on as prime minister long enough for Andy Burnham to return as an MP to challenge him.

The Greater Manchester mayor – who has made little secret of his leadership ambitions – was blocked from doing just that earlier this year by Labour's National Executive Committee.

His supporters argue that the party's ruling committee would not dare do that again, given the mood in the party, and Angela Rayner has said he should be allowed to return, so that the party has its "best players" In Parliament.

But members of the committee have told the BBC they would block Burnham.

Crucially, this scenario hinges on Burnham finding a Labour MP willing to stand down and trigger a by-election. That hasn't happened yet – and there is also the possibility Burnham finds a seat to contest and is selected as the candidate, but loses.

Given everything the prime minister has said since Thursday's elections, this looks like the most unlikely scenario of all, but at the moment it feels like anything is possible.

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The Papers: Original 'Labour leadership rivals circle' and 'Golden boys' on Baftas red carpet

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Chris Mason: Another crunch moment for Starmer as he pleads with Labour MPs not to topple him

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It feels like the prime minister has to give the speech of his life today.

Those within the Labour Party who want to see him succeed acknowledge that you can't change everything in one speech.

But it is clearly imperative for Sir Keir Starmer to try to calm down a party that is hurting and anxious.

Many Labour MPs have spent the weekend observing the politically scorched earth around them locally – their friends and colleagues in local and devolved government wiped out. There are fraught emotions and there is anger.

And for the last few days now there has been the drip, drip of revolt, with Labour MP after Labour MP coming out publicly to say Starmer has to go.

With every one, a little more of the prime minister's authority drains away.

Incidentally, don't underestimate what a big deal it is for any individual MP to go over the top and say their boss should go – not least because, for now at least, those that have done so are a tiny fraction of the total number of Labour MPs.

And it was his name up in lights as their leader when many of them won their seats for the first time, and often in parts of the country where Labour rarely if ever win. So to say now, out loud, that you think he is a dud is a big deal.

Wherever you look in the Labour Party right now there are knots of anxiety.

Firstly, there is anxiety in Downing Street, of course. They are acutely aware of what is at stake.

Secondly, there is anxiety among the potential challengers, weighing up if, when or whether to go for it. Timing can be everything: get it right, and the premiership can be yours. Get it wrong, and what might be your only chance to be prime minister is gone.

Thirdly, there is anxiety among the many, many Labour MPs keeping their heads down and who really don't want the prime minister to leave right now, nor for there to be a leadership contest.

Then there are those who would like Mayor of Greater Manchester Andy Burnham to be Labour's next leader and so don't want a contest right now – because he needs time to firstly find and then win a Westminster seat, having been blocked from standing in one just a few months ago.

So what happens after the speech tomorrow? How do Labour MPs react? Does Catherine West, the former minister who has said she is willing to challenge the prime minister to try to force a contest, decide to back down, or press ahead?

Does the prime minister manage to put people off challenging him, at least for now?

Or is there a flood of anguish that leaves his position untenable and tempts one of the challengers to go for it?

Health Secretary Wes Streeting, in particular, faces a massive call in the next couple of days. He has said he won't challenge Sir Keir, but is prepared to make his case if it becomes clear the prime minister is a goner.

So does he go for it, or not? Some who would like to see him replace Sir Keir think this might be his very best chance, before Burnham can get back to Westminster.

It is worth emphasising that it is not easy to dislodge a sitting prime minister who doesn't want to budge and, up until now at least, Sir Keir has given every indication he wants to stick around.

But what a moment he confronts and his party confronts.

The Labour Party is in a glum swirl right now, where no one can be certain what will happen next.

Whatever does – or doesn't – happen will have consequences for us all.

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Ailing Iran Nobel laureate given bail and hospital transfer

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Iranian human rights campaigner Narges Mohammadi has been transferred from jail to a Tehran hospital amid concern over her deteriorating health.

Iranian authorities granted Mohammadi "a sentence suspension on heavy bail", a foundation run by her family said on Sunday.

Last week Mohammadi's family and supporters warned she could die in prison after suffering two suspected heart attacks earlier this year.

Mohammadi, 54, was awarded the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize for her activism against female oppression in Iran and promoting human rights.

After pleas from her family for her to be transferred from prison, Mohammadi is "now at Tehran Pars Hospital to be treated by her own medical team", ​the Narges Mohammadi Foundation said in a statement.

She had spent 10 days hospitalised in Zanjan in northern Iran, where she had been serving her sentence.

Mohammadi's Paris-based husband said "she is not in a favourable general condition" and that "her status remains unstable", in a statement over the weekend.

The activist is believed to have lost about 20kg (three stone) while in prison, and has difficulty speaking and is barely recognisable, according to her lawyer Chirinne Ardakani.

In 2021, Mohammadi began serving a 13-year sentence on charges of committing "propaganda activity against the state" and "collusion against state security", which she denied.

In December 2024, she was given a temporary release from Tehran's notorious Evin prison on medical grounds.

Mohammadi was arrested last December for making "provocative remarks" at a memorial ceremony, Iranian authorities said at the time. Her family said she was taken to hospital after being beaten during the arrest.

In early February, Mohammadi was sentenced by a Revolutionary Court to an additional seven-and-a-half years in prison after being convicted of "gathering and collusion" and "propaganda activities", her lawyer said.

Last month, Mohammadi's brother Hamidreza said his sister had been found unconscious by fellow inmates at Zanjan prison after suffering a suspected heart attack.

The foundation's statement on Sunday said "a suspension is not enough" and that the human rights activist requires "permanent, specialised care".

"We must ensure she never returns to prison to face the 18 years remaining on her sentence," it read.

"Now is the time to demand her unconditional freedom and the dismissal of all charges. No human and women's rights activists should ever be imprisoned for their peaceful work," it said.

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